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Photos of Jerusalem

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                 Jerusalem during sunset        Jerusalem at golden hour Click here to view my Jerusalem photo collection.

Photos of Jerusalem

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 My Jerusalem: photos I took on 22 October 2020 The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Old City of Jerusalem  The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Old City of Jerusalem  The Old City of Jerusalem The Old City of Jerusalem

Photos of Jerusalem

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My photos of Jerusalem - 28 December 2018 For more photos, click here

Jamal Khashoggi and Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963

On October 2 nd , 2018, Jamal Khashoggi entered the Saudi Consulate General in Istanbul, Turkey, to pick up marriage documents - wherefrom he never reemerged. He was murdered at the Consulate by a team of 15 members, which included a forensic expert. According to reports, his body was then dismembered. Saudi Arabia’s official version about Khashoggi’s death has changed with each passing day. Nevertheless, all leaks and reports lead to one same conclusion: the killing of Khashoggi was a premeditated murder, ordered by top echelons of the Saudi Monarchy, namely the Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman. Today, Turkish President Erdoğan corroborated before the Turkish Parliament that it was pre-planned.  Furthermore, it is unimaginable that the crime was carried out without the prior knowledge of the Saudi Consul. However, the latter could have prevented it, but he never did – regardless of the reasons. In addition to committing murder, violating Khashoggi’s right to life -

Customary IHL: The Act of Displacement

Source: ICRC " Rule 129. A. Parties to an international armed conflict may not deport or forcibly transfer the civilian population of an occupied territory, in whole or in part, unless the security of the civilians involved or imperative military reasons so demand. B. Parties to a non-international armed conflict may not order the displacement of the civilian population, in whole or in part, for reasons related to the conflict, unless the security of the civilians involved or imperative military reasons so demand. Summary State practice establishes these rules as norms of customary international law applicable in international (A) and non-international (B) armed conflicts respectively. International armed conflicts The prohibition of the deportation or transfer of civilians goes back to the Lieber Code, which provides that “private citizens are no longer … carried off to distant parts”. [1]  Under the Charter of the International Military Tribunal (Nu

Customary IHL: Public and Private Property in Occupied Territory

Source:   ICRC   “Rule 51. Public and Private Property in Occupied Territory Rule 51. In occupied territory: (a) movable public property that can be used for military operations may be confiscated; (b) immovable public property must be administered according to the rule of usufruct; and (c) private property must be respected and may not be confiscated; except where destruction or seizure of such property is required by imperative military necessity. Summary State practice establishes this rule as a norm of customary international law applicable in international armed conflicts. Movable public property The rule that all movable public property that may be used for military operations may be confiscated is a long-standing rule of customary international law already recognized in the Lieber Code, the Brussels Declaration and the Oxford Manual. [1]  It is codified in the Hague Regulations, which provides that the following may be confiscated: “cash, funds, a